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Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory

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                              Jean Piaget Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, is widely known for his pioneering work in child development. His Cognitive Development Theory explains how children construct a mental model of the world around them and how their thinking processes develop through various stages. Piaget believed that cognitive development in children occurs in a series of stages that are universal and follow a specific order. He emphasized that children are not passive learners but active participants in the learning process, constructing knowledge through their experiences. Key Concepts of Piaget's Theory Before exploring the stages, it's essential to understand some key concepts in Piaget’s theory: Schemas: Schemas are basic mental structures or frameworks that help individuals organize and interpret information. They are like building blocks of knowledge. F...
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Kohlberg's stages of moral development

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                                       Kohlberg Lawrence Kohlberg, a famous American psychologist, described the stages of moral development of an individual. Using his studies, he made important contributions to moral development. Kohlberg developed his own perspective, incorporating the ideas of Jean Piaget. Kohlberg divided moral development into three main stages and each of these into two substages, which can be divided into six stages in total. 1. Pre-constitutive Stage: During this stage, children's morality is probably shaped by rewards and punishments. They evaluate their behavior by external consequences. Stage 1: Punishment and Subordination: During this stage, children behave in a way that is not necessarily dictated by rules. They quickly judge the purity of behavior by its effectiveness. For example, "I can't do this because punishment is a test." Stage 2: Personal gain and ...
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Assessment for Learning and Assessment for Education: Principles and Needs

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  Assessment for Learning and Assessment for Education: Principles and Needs In education, “Assessment” is essential to measure any progress and success, to identify appropriate outcomes externally and to assess student learning ability. Both the concepts of “Assessment for Learning” and “Assessment for Education” can lead to effective learning in the field of education. In this blog, we will discuss their considerations, differences and their importance in the current education system. Assessment for Learning: “Assessment for Education” is often called “Summative Assessment”. It is a concept of need used to measure student learning at the end of a sentence or after a specific period of time. In this, the conditions are usually intended to measure the student’s achievement. For example, final exams, final projects, and individual or group presentations. Assessment for Education provides additional responsibilities to students, as it motivates them to achieve better results. It prov...
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