TET NOTES

  Introduction: Learning theories are very important in educational psychology. Through these theories, the learning method, quality and design of educational lessons can be improved. Among these, Edward Lee Thorndike's "Trial and Error" learning theory holds a great place. He developed this theory through experiments on animals. It is also known as "Stimulus-Response Theory". This theory of Thorndike explains how to solve the problem when any animal or human is faced with a problem. Introduction to Thorndike: L. Thorndike (1874–1949) was a famous American psychologist. He mainly studied animal behavior and learning methods. He was a professor at New York University. His major works are Animal Intelligence and Educational Psychology. Concept of the Theory: The main idea of ​​the trial and error theory is this: When a person or animal is faced with a new situation, it makes a number of attempts to figure out how to solve the problem. Many of these attempts may fa...

 Important Psychologists and Their Contributions: Introduction: The science that studies human behavior, emotions, thoughts, and learning is called psychology. Many important scientists have made valuable contributions to this field. In this article, we will learn about the introduction of some important psychologists and their contributions. 1. Sigmund Freud Freud is considered the father of modern psychology. He emphasized the importance of the "unconscious part of the mind". Through his famous theory, **Psychoanalytic Theory**, he explained personality, childhood experiences, and internal conflicts of the mind. Important Contributions: * The concept of the unconscious mind * Explains the mental states of children with the dimensions of id, ego, and superego. * Developed psychoanalysis therapy for the solution of psychological problems. 2. B. F. B. F. Skinner Skinner emphasized the assessment of behavior. He explained the learning process of children through the theory of o...

  Introduction : In today's education system, it is important to provide equal opportunities to every student. In this regard, the principle of Inclusive Education is gaining great importance. This principle has the noble intention that all types of children with disabilities should get education in the general education system. In this article, let us discuss what are the needs of children with hearing impairment in inclusive education. What is hearing impairment?: Hearing impairment is a difficulty in hearing or understanding sounds adequately. It can be congenital or a result of a defect. Some children may have a slight hearing impairment, while others may have a complete hearing loss. Children with hearing impairment experience some difficulties in communication, language expression, and building social relationships. Problems of children with hearing impairment : 1. Speech difficulties: Hearing impaired children cannot hear sounds clearly, making it difficult to learn to speak...

  Introduction: In the current education system where students with diverse personalities, abilities and diversity are part of a school, it is very important to provide equal educational opportunities to every child. Especially, there is a need for an inclusive education system where slow learners can actively and effectively participate. Who is a slow learner? Slow learners are children who learn slowly compared to the standard of normal intelligence. They cannot learn immediately, learning can only be achieved through repetition and paying close attention. Although they do not show the obvious retardation seen in normal children, they take longer in the learning process. Meaning of inclusive education: Inclusive education is an educational method that includes all types of students, disabled, normal, developmentally backward, etc. in the same educational system and provides equal learning opportunities to all. It develops compassion, cooperation and a unified attitude towards soc...

  Introduction : Inclusive education is an educational system in which all types of students—regardless of intellectual, physical, or social disabilities—are educated equally and respectfully in a regular school environment. It is an attempt to bring children who are disadvantaged in the educational process into the mainstream of the curriculum. Meaning : Enclusive education is the process of identifying different children due to their sensory and intellectual problems and providing them with the necessary needs. Types of inclusive education: There are three main types of inclusive education, which are as follows. Enclusive education Special education Integrated education Importance of inclusive education: Promotes empathy, cooperation, and social harmony among students. Provides equal opportunities and educational experiences to children with special needs. Teaching is designed to help all students by recognizing different learning styles. Providing equal education to all. Develop...

  Introduction: Psychology is a branch of science that studies human behavior, thinking, feeling, learning, sensation, intelligence, and personality. Since these are very subtle and internalized factors, it is not easy to measure them accurately. Therefore, there is a need for standardized, standardized, and scientific tests for this purpose. Tests are psychological instruments designed to measure the personal, intellectual, emotional, and sensory characteristics of an individual. They are useful for teachers, counselors, doctors, employment agencies, and researchers. Types of Achievement Tests: There are two main types of achievement tests, which are as follows. Tests that are standardized Teacher-designed tests Three more types of standardized tests can be seen. Oral test Short form test Essay test Teacher-made tests can be of two types Objective questions Subjective questions 1. Intelligence Tests: Intelligence is the set of analytical abilities, reasoning, logical reasoning, me...