Bandura's social cognitive theory


 Social Cognitive Theory, developed by Albert Bandura, has had a revolutionary impact on human studies. This theory explains the relationship between human learning, personality, behavior change, and social interactions. Bandura first proposed this theory as Social Learning Theory in the 1960s, and later developed it and refined it as “Social Cognitive Theory.”

Key elements of the theory:

1. Imitation and Modeling (Modeling / Observational Learning):

* According to Bandura, individuals learn by observing the behavior, language, and habits of others.

* This can happen on a large scale – children watch their mother’s behavior and imitate it or follow models they see in the media.

* His famous Bobo Doll experiment showed how violent behavior in children comes through imitation.

2. Reciprocal Determinism:

* According to Bandura, a person's behavior, personal factors (beliefs, feelings, expectations) and the environment - all of these are interrelated.

* Example: If a student is confident in his studies, he will learn better. This learning success in turn strengthens his confidence.

3. Self-Efficacy:

* The belief that a person can successfully perform a certain task.

* People with high self-efficacy accept challenges and achieve success. Those with low self-efficacy are afraid of failure.

4. External and internal forces:

* External rewards, punishments and internal motivation are important in the learning process.

* A person can learn from his own enthusiasm or from the influence of others.

5. Self-regulation:

* A person has the power to control his behavior, goals, time use, and discipline.

* He plans for himself, checks his progress, and rewards himself to achieve the learning goal.

Bobo Doll Experiment:

This experiment conducted by Bandura and colleagues in 1961 examined how children's behavior changed when they were shown violent models. Children were shown a person who had beaten a Bobo doll in a violent manner. Then the children also behaved as if they had beaten the doll. This showed that learning occurs through attention, memory, repetition and motivation.

Uses in education:

1. Teachers should act as role models: Students imitate the teacher's behavior, language, and discipline.

2. Positive reinforcement: Good learning can be encouraged through praise and rewards.

3. Promoting self-efficacy: Students can build their self-confidence by giving them small challenges.

4. Learning from peers: Mutual learning is possible through group activities and interactions.

Summary of Key Principles:

Element Description

Imitation Learning by observing others

Mutual determination The interrelationship of the individual, the environment, and behavior

Self-efficacy The power and belief in oneself to act

Modeling The process of following good role models

Conclusion:

Bandura's social cognitive theory is very important in the fields of psychology, education, and social influence. It conveys the important message that learning is not just external motivation, but also based on the individual's inner beliefs, attention, and experiences. Teachers, parents, and education policymakers can help students develop holistically by adopting this theory.

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